Mining History

Cudahy Camp, Old Dutch Cleanser, and the Wonders of Last Chance Canyon

Cudahy Camp: A Glimpse into the Past

Nestled in the El Paso Mountains, Cudahy Camp is a historical landmark in the early 20th-century mining industry. From 1923 to 1947, this site was the primary source of pumice used to manufacture ‘Old Dutch Cleanser,’ a widely known cleaning product in the United States. At its peak, the camp employed 12 men who produced 100 tons of pumicite weekly. Today, visitors can explore the remnants of the camp, including concrete foundations and large hollowed-out rooms from the mining operations.

The Evolution of Old Dutch Cleanser

Old Dutch Cleanser’s journey began in 1905 when the Cudahy Packing Company, a meatpacking firm, developed the product to repurpose animal fat. The cleanser, made by combining soap with pumicite, quickly became a household staple due to its effectiveness. The brand’s logo, featuring a Dutch woman chasing dirt with a stick, symbolized cleanliness and helped the product gain widespread recognition.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Old Dutch Cleanser was heavily promoted through advertisements and civic events like “Clean-Up Week,” encouraging community participation in cleaning efforts. These campaigns solidified the product’s place in American homes and contributed to its lasting legacy.

Corporate Changes and Present-Day

In 1955, Purex acquired Old Dutch Cleanser from the Cudahy Packing Company. The brand changed hands again in 1985 when Greyhound Corporation’s Dial division purchased Purex. Despite these transitions, Old Dutch Cleanser remained a trusted cleaning product. It is manufactured by Lavo in Montreal and continues to uphold its reputation for quality (6/2024).

Last Chance Canyon: A Scenic and Historic Site

Last Chance Canyon, part of the El Paso Mountains, is a significant historical and natural site. It offers a unique glimpse into the area’s rich mining history, including the famous Burro Schmidt Tunnel. The canyon features a rugged landscape with geological formations, box canyons, and historical mining sites. This area was heavily mined from the 1890s through the 1920s, with various operations continuing into the late 20th century.

Visitors to Last Chance Canyon can explore the remains of mining camps, such as Bickel Camp and the Holly Ash Mine, alongside the Old Dutch Cleanser mining site. The canyon is also known for its beautiful scenery, including rock-walled sandy canyons and spectacular layered cliffs.

Cultural Significance and Enduring Legacy

Old Dutch Cleanser has significantly impacted American culture, from being featured in popular media to becoming part of civic traditions. Its memorable branding and consistent advertising have made it a recognizable name in household cleaning. The El Paso Mountains and Last Chance Canyon now serve as historical sites, offering a window into the past for those interested in industrial history and heritage.

For more details, you can visit the Old Dutch Cleanser history page and read about the Cudahy Camp and Last Chance Canyon online.

#3 – Kelso Depot

Kelso Depot, also known as the Kelso Depot Visitor Center, is a historic railroad station in the Mojave Desert within the Mojave National Preserve in California. It serves as a significant historical landmark, offering insights into the region’s railroad history and the broader story of the American West.

History and Significance

Construction and Early Years

The Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad, later absorbed by the Union Pacific Railroad, constructed Kelso Depot in 1923. The depot was strategically located at Kelso, a small community that sprang up primarily to serve the railroad and the nearby mining operations. The location was chosen because it provided a crucial water stop for steam locomotives and a place to house “helper” engines needed to assist trains over the steep grades of Cima Hill.

Architectural Style

The depot was built in the Spanish Mission Revival style, popular in the southwestern United States during the early 20th century. The building features stucco walls, a red tile roof, and a distinctive colonnade, reflecting the architectural trends of the time. The depot included passenger waiting rooms, a telegraph office, and a restaurant known as the “Beanery,” which served meals to passengers and railroad employees.

Role During the Boom Years

Kelso Depot played a vital role during the peak years of rail traffic. It was a bustling hub for both freight and passenger services. The surrounding area saw significant economic activity due to nearby borax and iron ore mining operations. The depot was an essential stop on the Los Angeles to Salt Lake City route, facilitating the transport of goods and passengers across the desert.

Decline and Abandonment

The need for water stops and helper engines diminished with the advent of diesel locomotives in the mid-20th century. As a result, the importance of Kelso Depot declined. Passenger service was discontinued in 1964, and the depot eventually closed in 1985. The building fell into disrepair and was at risk of demolition.

Preservation and Restoration

Inclusion in Mojave National Preserve

In 1994, the Mojave National Preserve was established, and efforts began to preserve the historical and cultural resources within the area. Recognizing the historical significance of Kelso Depot, the National Park Service (NPS) took on the task of restoring the building.

Restoration Efforts

The restoration of Kelso Depot was a major undertaking by the NPS. The project aimed to return the building to its former glory and adapt it as a visitor center and museum. The restoration preserved many of the depot’s original architectural features while making necessary updates to meet modern safety and accessibility standards.

Kelso Depot Visitor Center

Exhibits and Interpretation

Today, Kelso Depot serves as the primary visitor center for the Mojave National Preserve. It houses a variety of exhibits that explore the natural and cultural history of the Mojave Desert. Displays cover topics such as the geology, flora, and fauna of the region, as well as the history of mining, railroads, and early settlers.

Visitor Amenities

The visitor center offers a range of amenities for park visitors. These include an information desk, interpretive displays, a small bookstore, and public restrooms. The restored “Beanery” provides a glimpse into the dining experiences of early 20th-century railroad travelers.

Educational Programs and Events

Kelso Depot also hosts educational programs and special events throughout the year. Ranger-led tours, interpretive talks, and community events help to engage visitors and deepen their understanding of the Mojave National Preserve’s rich history and natural beauty.

Conclusion

Kelso Depot is a testament to the railroad’s transformative impact on the American West. Its preservation and restoration provide a valuable link to the past, allowing visitors to step back and appreciate the challenges and triumphs of those who lived and worked in the Mojave Desert. Through its exhibits, programs, and architectural beauty, Kelso Depot continues to educate and inspire new generations about the unique history of this remarkable region.

Southern Pacific Railroad Pages

Southern Pacific Railroad

mojavedesert.net › mining-history › overview

The Southern Pacific. The Southern Pacific began construction at Mojave in February 1882 of a new line to Needles, on the Colorado River. The destination was …

Southern Pacific Railroad

mojavedesert.net › railroads › southern-pacific-railroad

Historic RR Chronology … That railroad was never built, but the Southern Pacific constructed a line through the desert in 1882-83 from Mojave to Needles, …

The Southern Pacific and later Santa Fe transcontinental route

mojavedesert.net › railroads › railroads-021

In taking over this Southern Pacific line, especially the part between Needles and Barstow, the Santa Fe System achieved ownership of a transcontinental …

Southern Pacific Railroad – Jawbone

mojavedesert.net › railroads › jawbone

Jawbone branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad of the Mojave Desert.

Lancaster California

digital-desert.com › lancaster-ca

Lancaster, California. The Beginning. The Southern Pacific Railroad built a line from San Francisco to Los Angeles which was completed in 1876. Along the line …

Chronology/Timeline of Railroads of the Mojave Desert

mojavedesert.net › railroads › chronology

Mojave Desert Historic Railroad Chronology · 1876 – 1915 · 1881 Southern Pacific – Mojave – Calico Station (Daggett) · 1883 Atlantic & Pacific builds to Kingman

California Southern Railway

mojavedesert.net › railroads › california-southern

Notes asnd links regarding the California Southern Railway in the Cajon Pass to Barstow in 1887 – Mojave Desert.

Railroads in the Mojave (San Bernardino County)

mojavedesert.net › railroads › railroad-history03

The First Railroads. The Southern Pacific. The first western railroad project was put forth in 1835, when a line starting from Lake Michigan and extending …

Railroads of the Mojave Desert

mojavedesert.net › railroads

Atlantic & Pacific Railroad · Bullfrog Goldfield · Barnwell Searchlight · California Eastern Railroad/Railway · California Southern Railway · Carson and Colorado …

Carson & Colorado Railroad

mojavedesert.net › railroads › carson-and-colorado

… Southern Pacific’s narrow gauge subsidiary, the Nevada and California Railroad. … In the early 20th century, it o

Barstow Area Mining

The history of mining in the Barstow area is closely tied to the extraction of various minerals and resources that played a significant role in the development of Southern California. Here’s a more detailed look at the history of mining in the Barstow area:

Borax Mining: Borax mining was one of the earliest mining activities in the Barstow region. In the late 19th century, borax deposits, a valuable industrial mineral used in various applications, were discovered in the nearby Calico Mountains. The Pacific Coast Borax Company, owned by Francis Marion “Borax” Smith, was instrumental in developing borax mines in the area. This marked the beginning of significant mining operations in the region, with borax being a primary focus.
Calico Mining District: The Calico Mining District, which includes the town of Calico, was a major center of mining activity in the Barstow area. Silver and silver-lead ores were the primary resources mined in this district. At its peak in the late 1800s, Calico had a population of over 3,000 people and was a bustling mining town.
Calico Ghost Town: Calico, often referred to as Calico Ghost Town today, was once a thriving mining town. It featured numerous mines, including the Bismarck, Silver King, and Oriental Mines. Visitors to Calico can explore the well-preserved historic buildings, mines, and artifacts, gaining insight into the region’s mining history.
Railroad Transportation: The expansion of railroads played a crucial role in facilitating the transportation of mined materials from the Barstow area to other parts of California and beyond. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway was a key transportation link for the mining industry, enabling the efficient movement of ores and minerals.
Variety of Minerals: While borax, silver, and silver-lead ores were among the most significant resources mined in the Barstow area, various other minerals were also extracted. These included gypsum, limestone, and barite. These minerals had industrial applications and were important for construction and manufacturing.
Decline of Mining: As the easily accessible mineral deposits were depleted, mining activities in the Barstow area began to decline. Many mines were abandoned, and mining communities saw a decrease in population. The shift in economic focus led to the decline of mining as a major industry in the region.

Today, the mining history of the Barstow area is preserved through places like Calico Ghost Town, museums, and historical sites. These serve as reminders of the pioneering spirit of early miners and the role mining played in shaping the history of Barstow and the surrounding region.

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Mojave Desert Human (Historical) Geography

Mojave Desert Geography

A long interaction history between people and the challenging desert environment marks the human (historical) geography of the Mojave Desert. Here are key aspects of the human history and settlement patterns in the Mojave Desert:

Indigenous Peoples:
- Before European contact, various indigenous groups inhabited the Mojave Desert, including the Mojave, Chemehuevi, and Serrano peoples.
- These groups adapted to the arid environment, relying on hunting, gathering, and seasonal migrations to exploit available resources.
Spanish Exploration and Missionaries:
- Spanish explorers and missionaries, including Francisco Garces and Juan Bautista de Anza, ventured into the Mojave Desert in the 18th century.
- These explorers sought routes to link Spanish missions in California and establish trade connections.
Old Spanish Trail:
- The Old Spanish Trail, a trade route connecting Santa Fe, New Mexico, to California, passed through the Mojave Desert in the early 19th century.
- This trail facilitated the exchange of goods and cultural interactions between Spanish settlers and indigenous groups.
American Pioneers and Westward Expansion:
- During the 19th century, American pioneers and settlers ventured into the Mojave Desert as part of westward expansion.
- The discovery of gold and other minerals in the region, such as the Calico Mountains, led to mining booms and the establishment of mining towns.
19th Century Military:
Railroads and Transportation:
- The construction of railroads, such as the Southern Pacific Railroad, was crucial in connecting the Mojave Desert to the broader transportation network.
- Railroad towns, including Barstow, developed as important transportation hubs.
Mining and Boomtowns:
- Mining activities, particularly for silver and borax, flourished in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Boomtowns like Calico, once a significant silver mining town, experienced periods of rapid growth and decline.
Military Presence:
- The Mojave Desert has been home to various military installations, including Edwards Air Force Base and the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake.
- These installations have played roles in aviation testing, research, and training.
Route 66:
- The historic Route 66, a major U.S. highway, passed through the Mojave Desert during the mid-20th century, bringing increased traffic, commerce, and tourism to the region.
National Parks and Conservation Efforts:
- Establishing national parks and preserves, such as Joshua Tree National Park and the Mojave National Preserve, reflects efforts to conserve the desert’s unique ecosystems and landscapes.
Modern Urbanization and Recreation:
- Urban areas on the periphery of the Mojave Desert, such as Las Vegas, have experienced rapid growth.
- The desert attracts tourists and outdoor enthusiasts interested in hiking, rock climbing, and stargazing.

Understanding the human history of the Mojave Desert involves recognizing the diverse ways different groups have interacted with the desert environment over time, from indigenous peoples adapting to the harsh conditions to the various waves of exploration, settlement, and economic activities that have shaped the region.

Barstow, California

https://digital-desert.com/barstow-ca/

Early Inhabitants: The Barstow area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Mojave people, for centuries before European settlers arrived.
Railroad History: Barstow’s modern history began with the arrival of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad in the late 19th century. The railroad played a significant role in the city’s development, as it was a vital stop on the transcontinental rail line, connecting the eastern United States to the West Coast.
Water Stop and Rail Depot: Barstow served as an important water stop for steam locomotives, providing a place for trains to refill their water tanks in the desert. The city also became a key rail depot and maintenance facility.
Name Change: Originally known as Waterman Junction, the city’s name was changed to Barstow in 1886 in honor of William Barstow Strong, a president of the Santa Fe Railroad.
Route 66: In the early 20th century, Barstow became an integral part of the iconic Route 66, the “Main Street of America,” connecting Chicago to Los Angeles. The city thrived as a popular stopping point for travelers on this historic route.
Military Presence: During World War II, Barstow’s population grew due to the establishment of the Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow and the nearby Fort Irwin National Training Center, which continue to play significant roles in the local economy.
Modern Times: Barstow remains a transportation center today, situated at the junction of Interstates 15 and 40. It continues to serve as a rest stop for travelers and a transportation and logistics hub for goods moving across the country.
Historical Landmarks: The city has preserved its historical heritage, with several landmarks and museums, including the Route 66 Mother Road Museum and the Western America Railroad Museum, showcasing its rich transportation history.

Barstow’s history is deeply intertwined with the development of transportation networks, from the railroad to Route 66 and modern interstate highways. Today, it remains an essential point of access and commerce for those traveling through the Mojave Desert in Southern California.

Dublin Gulch

Dublin Gulch in Shoshone, California, is a rich historical site filled with the remains of unique cave dwellings. In the early 1900s, miners and other early settlers dug the caves into soft volcanic ash cliffs. The makeshift shelters protected them against harsh desert weather conditions and extreme temperatures.

These caves were the dwelling place for miners in nearby mines during the early 20th century. Over a certain period, it did take on a kind of community presence. Some of the dwellings even had windows, doors, and chimneys added to them, making them rather homely. Today, Dublin Gulch is a quirky historic site where, among other things, one can see the cave homes and feel what life in the desert must have been like over a century ago.

Dublin Gulch is situated near the small town of Shoshone, one of the important points that both travelers and miners had to pass through in the early 1900s. It lies close to Death Valley and several mining areas. A small piece of history, it offers a glimpse into the rugged, resourceful lives that were lived early on.

Dublin Gulch, Shoshone, Ca. – 2015

Dublin Gulch, Shoshone, Ca. – 2003