Category: Nature

Snowshoe Wrightwood’s Table Mountain

 BY CHRIS KASTEN

9,399′ high Mt. Baden-Powell’s massif dominates the southwest skyline from Table Mountain.

Joanie and I got out for a great afternoon of snowshoeing up on Wrightwood’s Table Mountain about a week and a half ago.   Since then,  more storms have dropped even more of the precious powder on our local mountains.   Whether you like to cross-country ski or snowshoe, it’s a fantastic time to be out amongst our high country peaks, canyons and forests!

Inset of the Trails of Wrightwood – Big Pines map. The area we went snowshoeing is depicted as Table Mountain (with campground symbol) at an elevation of 7,200′. The west end of Wrightwood appears in the lower right corner of image.

Table Mountain is 7,516′ high and super easy to get to from Wrightwood.  Just drive.  You’re only looking at four miles from our village center.  Make sure to turn off to the right on Table Mountain Road when you arrive at the three way split in the roads at Big Pines.  Table Mountain Campground is where we did our snowshoeing on a quiet Friday, where we seemed to have the place to ourselves.  The wind had sculpted the snow into pristine dunes along the gently sloping ridge top that the extensive campground straddles.

Joanie seems to almost float atop the powder on the sunny slopes of Table Mountain!

All the campsites were, of course, hidden under the snowy mantle, with just the picnic tabletops presenting themselves as a bit of a depth gauge.  Most of the time, snow depth was around 24″ and in places well over three feet.  The windward sides of the mammoth white fir and Ponderosas were coated in sparkling icicles that fell like shards of glass in the wind gusts that came out of the southwest.  Mt. Baden-Powell kept constant watch over us from across the great gulf of the East Fork of the San Gabriel River.   The Mojave Desert off to the north was a mosaic of tans, yellow sands and the right-angled patchwork of green winter crops scattered here and there.  It looked and felt warmer down there.  And high up on Table Mountain, that day was to be one of cobalt blue skies, bright white snows, wind and evergreens.

A small wind-bent snowy pine and Chris have a little visit amongst Table Mountain’s frozen forest.

Douglas Wallflowers in Blossom

MARCH 29, 2020 BY CHRIS KASTEN

Here’s a Douglas Wallflower alongside the Upper Falls Trail, as seen this last Monday while hiking up the Big Santa Anita Canyon under cloudy skies.   Our series of much-needed rain storms have brought back thick green grasses and the start to what’ll most likely be a colorful Spring of other wildflowers.  Joanie and I hiked the two-mile Falling Sign Loop from Fern Lodge.

These Douglas Wallflowers (Erysimum capitatum) popped out at us just downstream from the double slot pools on the Upper Falls Trail. There’s also a nice grouping of wallflowers near the second bench up the road from Roberts’ Camp in San Olene Canyon.

Sturtevant Falls was tumbling down nicely.  The scent of white sage peppered the cool air and the background surf-like sound of the stream followed us the whole way.  We brought along an old shovel, cleaning off small slides here and there.   Wild lilacs (buck brush) are still sending their mild lavender scent into the canyon breezes while the bright red orange of Indian paintbrush pokes up from the damp earth near Hoegee’s Drop-Off.  And overarching along most of the route, the Laurel bay blossoms still cling to the dark green canopies.  Look for the tender dark reddish purple leaves of the canyon big-leaf maples as their foliage begins to fill back in for a new season.  Even the white alders are pushing out a myriad of their bright green leaflets, replacing that smokey look of dormancy with new life.

View looking east up into the East Fork of Big Santa Anita Canyon from Gabrielino Trail. Note the Toyon in the foreground, still hanging onto some of its’ red berries. That’s Rankin and Monrovia peaks in the most distant background. Clamshell Peak is barely captured on the right hand side of photo.

Western Fence lizards are out at Tin Can Point

This turquoise colored fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) was seen out in the warmth of early Spring at Tin Can Point. Tin Can Point is just up from Fern Lodge Junction on the Gabrielino Trail. It’s the first switchback you’d encounter after the trail passes through the canyon live oak forest and then enters the chaparral, just a few minutes up from the trail junction.

A beautiful fence lizard basks in the gentle warmth of early Spring at Tin Can Point.   See inset of the Chantry Flat – Mt. Wilson Trails map, below, to see where this point is.  As of this writing,  a cold wet pacific storm is dropping nearly six days of chilly rain and snow in much of the San Gabriel mountains.  Big Santa Anita Canyon dam has received over 5 1/2″ of rain in the last week.  Something I just learned recently about these Western Fence lizards is that their populations have the effect of reducing the incidence of Lyme’s disease in the ticks that live in the chaparral,  such as found covering much of the slopes of the Big Santa Anita Canyon!  Apparently, a protein in the lizard’s blood kills the bacterium in the tick’s gut, which is good news for hikers and even their dogs during the spring and autumn months.

Like most reptiles, Western Fence lizards hibernate, at least for a little while each winter throughout their habitats which are wide-spread throughout California.  As for food, these lizards eat spiders and various insects such as mosquitos, beetles and grasshoppers.   The females lay several small clutches of eggs (3-17) in the spring, the young emerging in the summer.

Detail of Gabrielino Trail section, Chantry Flat – Mt. Wilson Trails map.

On your next hike out from Chantry Flats, watch for for lizards flitting about on the trails and sunning themselves on the myriad stretches of rock.  As for the various types of reptiles to be found in the Big Santa Anita, Western Fence lizards are abundant and deserve a place in the sun!

source:  Wikipedia, Western Fence lizards

Indian Trails

Establishment of the ancient Indian trails.

Oasis of Mara, Joshua Tree National Park – 2006

The indigenous peoples of the Mojave Desert, such as the Mojave, Chemehuevi, Serrano, and others, developed the first trails through the desert based on a deep understanding of the natural environment, honed over generations of living in this challenging landscape. These trails were not found by accident but were carefully established routes facilitating travel, trade, and access to resources within the desert and between different ecological zones. Here are some key methods and considerations that these indigenous peoples likely used to establish the trails:

  1. Water Sources: Finding and remembering the locations of reliable water sources was crucial for survival in the desert. Trails often connected springs, rivers, and waterholes that could sustain travelers through the arid landscape.
  2. Landmarks: Natural landmarks such as mountains, rock formations, and distinctive vegetation would have served as navigation aids, helping to guide the way and mark progress along the trails.
  3. Seasonal Variations: Understanding the seasonal changes in the desert, including variations in water availability and the movement of game animals, would have influenced the timing and direction of travel on these trails.
  4. Trade and Social Networks: Trails facilitated trade and communication between indigenous groups. They were designed to connect communities and trading posts, enabling the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices.
  5. Observation and Oral Tradition: Knowledge of the landscape and its best routes would have been passed down through generations, with each generation refining and adding to this knowledge base. This oral tradition ensured that valuable information about navigating the desert was retained and shared within communities.
  6. Adaptation to the Environment: Trails would have been adjusted and modified over time in response to environmental changes, such as the shifting of water sources or the growth of new obstacles. This adaptive approach ensured that the trails remained viable over long periods.

These trails, established through intimate knowledge of the desert environment, would later be used by European explorers, settlers, and others as they moved through the Mojave Desert. The legacy of these indigenous trail-making practices is a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of the desert’s original inhabitants.

OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT (4) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com

Deep Creek Hot Springs

/deep-creek-hot-springs/

Deep Creek Hot Springs, located near Apple Valley in the Mojave Desert of Southern California, is a popular natural attraction within the San Bernardino National Forest. These hot springs are renowned for their scenic beauty and the therapeutic benefits of the mineral-rich waters. The area around Deep Creek Hot Springs offers a variety of outdoor activities, including hiking, swimming, and wildlife viewing.

Access to Deep Creek Hot Springs is primarily through hiking trails, the most common being the Bradford Ridge Path from the high desert side and the Pacific Crest Trail from the Lake Arrowhead side. The hike to the hot springs is known for its rugged terrain, offering a moderate to challenging trek depending on the path chosen and the hiker’s experience level.

The hot springs themselves are situated along Deep Creek, a tributary of the Mojave River. The area features several pools with varying temperatures, allowing visitors to choose their preferred level of warmth. The surrounding environment is a mix of desert and riparian zones, home to various plant and animal species.

It’s important to note that visiting Deep Creek Hot Springs requires adherence to local regulations and respect for the natural environment. The area is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, which may impose restrictions to protect the habitat and ensure the safety and enjoyment of all visitors. Additionally, due to its remote location and the necessity of hiking to reach the hot springs, visitors should be well-prepared with adequate water, food, and safety gear.

Acorn Canyon

/angeles-national-forest/

Acorn Falls

The Acorn Canyon Trail is a popular hiking trail in Wrightwood, California. It is part of the San Gabriel Mountains and offers a beautiful natural setting for outdoor enthusiasts. The trail is known for its scenic views.

View from the Acorn Trail

Trail conditions, accessibility, and regulations may change over time, so it’s a good idea to check with local authorities or websites dedicated to hiking in the area for the most up-to-date information before planning your visit. Additionally, be prepared with appropriate hiking gear and follow Leave No Trace principles to protect the environment while enjoying the trail.

Acorn Canyon is indeed a part of the Angeles National Forest in California. It’s a beautiful area for hiking and enjoying the outdoors. As with any outdoor activity, it’s important to be prepared and follow safety guidelines when exploring this area.

Acorn Falls

Here are some general tips:

  1. Trail Information: Ensure you have up-to-date information about the Acorn Canyon Trail, including its length, difficulty level, and recent trail conditions or closures. This information is often found on the Angeles National Forest website or from local ranger stations.
  2. Hiking Gear: Wear appropriate clothing and footwear for hiking. Don’t forget essentials like a hat, sunscreen, sunglasses, and plenty of water. Depending on the season, you may also want to carry insect repellent.
  3. Trail Etiquette: Practice Leave No Trace principles by staying on designated trails, disposing of trash properly, and respecting wildlife. It’s also a good idea to yield the trail to others and be courteous to fellow hikers.
  4. Safety: Let someone know your plans, including your expected return time. Carry a map and a fully charged cell phone, but be aware that cell phone reception may be limited in some parts of the forest.
  5. Wildlife: Be aware of the potential for encounters with wildlife, including snakes. Stay on the lookout and keep a safe distance.
  6. Weather: Check the weather forecast for the area before heading out. Weather conditions can change rapidly in mountainous areas, so be prepared for sudden temperature drops or rain.
  7. Permits and Regulations: Depending on the specific trail and activities you plan to do, you may need permits or have to follow certain regulations. Check with the forest service or relevant authorities for necessary permits or rules.
  8. Emergency Contacts: Have the contact information for local emergency services or the nearest ranger station in emergencies.

Safety should be a priority when enjoying the outdoors, especially in wilderness areas like the Angeles National Forest. Enjoy your hike in Acorn Canyon and take in the area’s natural beauty while staying safe and respecting the environment.

California Grizzlies

The California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californicus) is a subspecies of the brown bear that once inhabited various regions of California. Historically, grizzly bears were found throughout the state, from the coast to the mountains and valleys. They were an important part of California’s wildlife and played a role in the culture and folklore of indigenous peoples.

California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californicus)

Unfortunately, due to habitat loss, hunting, and human conflicts, the California grizzly bear population declined significantly throughout the 19th century. The last known California grizzly bear in the wild was killed in 1922 in Tulare County. The species was declared extinct in 1924.

Efforts have been made to preserve the memory of the California grizzly bear, and it is often symbolically represented in the state’s flag and seal. The California grizzly bear is also the state animal, even though it no longer exists in the wild.

1846 – 1910
1911 – 1952
Today

There have been occasional discussions and proposals for reintroducing grizzly bears to certain parts of California, but these efforts are complex and face challenges related to habitat, human-wildlife conflicts, and public opinion. As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, there were no active reintroduction programs in place. Still, it’s advisable to check for the latest information, as conservation efforts and plans may evolve.

Grizzly Bears in Bear Valley

Bears – Yosemite

Issac Slover

1845

Benjamin Wilson leads a posse of 22 men into the San Bernardino Mountains to search for Indians who had been raiding ranches in . He discovers Big Bear Valley and gives it the name it has today. Up until 1845, Bear Valley was known to the local Serrano Indians as Yahaviat, which means “Pine Place”. – bb

Mojave Desert Ecological Transitions

The Mojave Desert, located in the southwestern United States, is a unique and ecologically diverse ecosystem known for its extreme temperatures, arid conditions, and distinct plant and animal life. Various factors, including topography, climate, and human activities, influence the transitions within the Mojave Desert ecosystem.

Here are some key ecological transitions within the Mojave Desert:

  1. Elevation Gradients:
    • The Mojave Desert exhibits significant elevation gradients, ranging from below sea level in Death Valley to higher elevations in mountainous regions such as the Spring Mountains and the Mojave National Preserve. These elevation changes lead to variations in temperature, precipitation, and vegetation types.
  2. Flora and Fauna Shifts:
    • Plant and animal species are adapted to specific elevation ranges within the Mojave Desert. As you move from lower to higher elevations, you may encounter shifts in vegetation types, with desert shrubs giving way to pinyon-juniper woodlands and eventually to coniferous forests.
  3. Water Availability:
    • Water availability is a critical factor influencing ecological transitions in the Mojave Desert. Oasis ecosystems, supported by underground aquifers or natural springs, provide unique habitats in contrast to the surrounding arid landscapes. These oases can support a higher diversity of plant and animal life.
  4. Playa Ecosystems:
    • Playas, or dry lake beds, are common features in the Mojave Desert. During rainfall, playas can fill with water, creating temporary wetland habitats that support a burst of life, including migratory birds and amphibians. However, these ecosystems are highly dependent on unpredictable precipitation patterns.
  5. Human Impact:
    • Human activities, such as urban development, agriculture, and infrastructure projects, have significantly altered the Mojave Desert landscape. Urban areas like Las Vegas and Los Angeles have expanded into the desert, leading to habitat fragmentation and loss. Human activities can disrupt natural ecological processes and contribute to invasive species encroachment.
  6. Climate Change Effects:
    • The Mojave Desert is not immune to the impacts of climate change. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can affect the distribution of plant and animal species, alter vegetation composition, and influence the timing of biological events, such as flowering and migration.
  7. Fire Ecology:
    • Fire is a natural ecological process in many ecosystems, including the Mojave Desert. Some plant species in the desert have adapted to fire, and periodic wildfires can shape vegetation patterns. However, altered fire regimes due to human activities or climate change can have complex effects on the ecosystem.
Spring Mountains
Desert Front
Ibex Spring
Emerson Dry Lake
Human Impact – Victorville

Understanding these ecological transitions is crucial for effective conservation and management of the Mojave Desert. Conservation efforts need to consider the interconnectedness of various factors and address the challenges posed by human activities and climate change to maintain the health and biodiversity of this unique desert ecosystem.

Mojave Desert Ecotones

Ecotones are transitional zones between different ecosystems, characterized by a mix of species from adjacent ecosystems and often exhibiting unique ecological dynamics. In the case of the Mojave Desert, there are several ecotones where the desert transitions into other ecosystems. Here are some notable ecotones in the Mojave Desert:

  1. Mojave Desert Scrub to Pinyon-Juniper Woodland:
    • At higher elevations in the Mojave Desert, the vegetation transitions from typical desert scrub, dominated by creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia), and other drought-tolerant plants, to pinyon-juniper woodlands. Pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) become more prevalent in these transitional areas.
  2. Pinyon-Juniper Woodland to Coniferous Forest:
    • In the mountainous regions surrounding the Mojave Desert, pinyon-juniper woodlands transition further into coniferous forests. Species such as ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and white fir (Abies concolor) become more dominant. This transition is often associated with increasing elevation and cooler temperatures.
  3. Desert Washes and Riparian Zones:
    • Where desert washes, or arroyos, intersect with the Mojave Desert, there are ecotones characterized by riparian vegetation. These transitional zones may include cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and willow (Salix spp.) trees, providing habitat for different plant and animal species compared to the surrounding arid landscape.
  4. Desert to Playa Ecosystems:
    • The transition from the desert to playa ecosystems, such as dry lake beds, represents another ecotone. Playas can support unique vegetation adapted to periodic flooding and provide a habitat for migratory birds during wet periods.
  5. Urban-Wildland Interface:
    • There is an ecotone known as the urban-wildland interface, where urban areas encroach upon the Mojave Desert. The interaction between human-dominated landscapes and the natural desert environment characterizes this transition zone. Human activities in these areas can have significant impacts on the desert ecosystem.
  6. Mojave Desert to Great Basin Transition:
    • In the northern reaches of the Mojave Desert, there is a transition zone where the desert ecosystem merges with the Great Basin. This transition is marked by changes in vegetation and species composition influenced by elevation and precipitation.

Understanding and protecting these ecotones is crucial for preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem resilience in the Mojave Desert. These transitional zones often support unique assemblages of plants and animals that are adapted to the specific conditions found at the boundaries between different ecosystems. Human activities, including urban development and climate change, can impact these ecotones, emphasizing the importance of conservation and sustainable management practices in the region.

Mojave Desert Ecozones

https://mojavedesert.net/ecology/

Ecozones, also known as ecological zones or ecoregions, are geographic areas with distinct ecological characteristics, including climate, vegetation, and animal life. In the case of the Mojave Desert, several ecozones can be identified, each with its unique set of features. These ecozones help to categorize and understand the diverse environments within the broader Mojave Desert region.

Here are some key Mojave Desert ecozones:

  1. Lower Colorado River Valley:
    • This ecozone includes the area along the lower course of the Colorado River, extending into southeastern California. Riparian habitats, including marshes and wetlands, along the riverbanks characterize it. The presence of water allows for a higher diversity of plant and animal life compared to the more arid parts of the Mojave Desert.
  2. Mojave Desert Basin and Range:
    • The Mojave Desert Basin and Range ecozone cover the central and southern parts of the Mojave Desert. It includes vast expanses of arid lands with characteristic desert scrub vegetation, dominated by creosote bush, Joshua trees, and various cacti. Basins and mountain ranges mark the terrain.
  3. Mojave High Desert:
    • This ecozone encompasses higher elevations within the Mojave Desert, including areas with pinyon-juniper woodlands and coniferous forests. It is found in mountainous regions such as the Spring Mountains and the Mojave National Preserve. The Mojave High Desert exhibits cooler temperatures and a different plant and animal community compared to lower elevations.
  4. Sonoran Desert Transition:
    • Along the Mojave Desert’s southern boundary is a transition zone into the Sonoran Desert. This ecozone exhibits characteristics of both deserts and supports a mix of plant species from both regions. A warmer and subtropical climate influences the Sonoran Desert Transition ecozone compared to the central Mojave.
  5. Mojave Desert Playas:
    • Playas, or dry lake beds, are characteristic features of the Mojave Desert landscape. These flat, unvegetated areas are part of the Mojave Desert Playas ecozone. They are important for unique plant and animal communities adapted to the periodic flooding during rain events.
  6. Mojave-Upland Desert Scrub:
    • This ecozone includes upland areas within the Mojave Desert, characterized by desert scrub vegetation. It represents the transitional zone between lower elevations and the Mojave High Desert, showcasing variations in plant composition and adaptations to different environmental conditions.

Understanding these ecozones is essential for the Mojave Desert’s conservation efforts and management strategies. Each ecozone has its ecological processes, biodiversity, and environmental challenges. Conservation initiatives should consider each ecozone’s specific characteristics to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the Mojave Desert ecosystem.