Category: Historical

Micheal White

Miguel Blanco

Villains with the Blackest Hearts

An experience of Michael White (Miguel Blanco) on the Old Spanish Trail to San Bernardino, California.

We stopped a day or two on a lake called the San José (now known as the Beggars’), and I told my partner to take care of the horses, as I wanted to ride around and take a look at the country. Riding round I heard firing a little ahead of me. Hurrying on, I discovered that our New Mexicans had surrounded a rancheria of Piutes. I saw one little Indian boy, about 12 years old, with his arm nearly shot off, just hanging by the skin a little below the shoulder. I began to scold the New Mexicans and called them a pack of damned brutes and cowards, and they were so.

There was one old Indian, standing with his bow and arrow. They wanted to take and kill him, but were afraid to approach near enough to come within reach of his arrow. I went up to the Indian and asked him for his bow and arrows—they had solemnly promised me not to hurt him if I succeeded in disarming him. The Indian handed them to me and I shall never forgive myself for having taken the word of those villains, for villains they were, of the blackest kind. As soon as they saw the Indian without arms they came near and riddled him with bullets.

I parted with them and went by myself. This was a considerable distance from our camp. I found another rancheria in a thicket of willows. An Indian came out and by sign asked me if I had come to fight. I said no; then he asked me if I was hungry, and answering in the affirmative, he invited me to alight, and partake of what he had, which was atole [a drink], made of the seed of hogweed, and barbecued trout of the most delicious—as you may suppose, considering I had had nothing to eat in nearly 24 hours. Whilst I was eating up came the confounded New Mexicans, and the Indians ran to conceal themselves in the brush. All but two succeeded in escaping—those two unfortunate Piutes were taken by the Mexicans, tied, and shot in cold blood. I begged, entreated, threatened, and did all I could to have their lives spared but all my efforts were unavailing. When they were about to shoot the Indians, I was so indignant that I raised my gun, aimed at one of the gang, and pulled the trigger, and it wouldn’t fall, though I pulled it with all my force. 10 or 12 guns were pointed at me, but they didn’t fire, as my gun had not gone off—they said this was what saved me. The rascal’s name was Tomás Salazar. I assured them that I would never again travel with such a set of brutes. They answered, “ Que! no es pecado matar esos indios gentiles.” [Oh, well. It’s no sin to kill those pagan Indians.]

My partner in the camp wanted me to keep quiet, because the New Mexicans were exasperated against me and would put me to death if I said more. From that time I had no rest at night. I was apprehensive of being murdered.

California all the way back to 1828. By Michael C.
White. Written by Thomas Savage for the Bancroft
Library, 1877

Hallie Daggett


Hallie Morse Daggett, the daughter of John Daggett. John Daggett was a notable figure in his own right, having served as the Lieutenant Governor of California from 1883 to 1887 and later as the Superintendent of the San Francisco Mint.

Hallie’s connection to her father and upbringing influenced her independent spirit and determination.

Growing up in a family with such a public-service-oriented background may have instilled in her the confidence and resilience to pursue a career in the traditionally male-dominated forestry and fire lookout work. Her pioneering role as the first woman fire lookout in the United States Forest Service, where she dedicated 14 years of her life to protecting the forests of Northern California.

John Daggett

Daggett, California

Fred Loring

“Fred W. Loring, in his campaign costume, with his mule `Evil Merodach.’ Taken about 48 hours before he was brutally murdered by Apache–Mohaves while en route from Prescott, Arizona Territory to San Bernardino, Ca., by stage. Loring had been with the Wheeler expedition as general assistant and correspondent and was returning to the East with a mind stored with rare adventure and scenic wonders.”

By Timothy H. O’Sullivan, 1871.

FRED W. LORING AND HIS MULE “EVIL MERODACH” PRESCOTT, ARIZONA

Mule Skinner

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Introduction

The mule skinner was a skilled tradesman who specialized in working with mules. Their job was to maintain and care for the animals, as well as harness them for tasks such as pulling carts or carrying loads. Mule skinners had a unique set of skills that were essential for the successful operation of various agricultural and transportation industries.

Responsibilities

1. Caring for the Animals: Mule skinners were responsible for the daily care and maintenance of mules. This included grooming, feeding, and watering them, as well as providing any necessary medical attention. They also ensured that the mules were properly shod and fit for work.

2. Harnessing and Driving: One of the key duties of a mule skinner was to harness the animals for the task at hand. They needed to know the correct placement of harness and straps to ensure the safety and comfort of the mules. Mule skinners also drove the mules using a variety of methods, such as using a whip or voice commands.

3. Teamster: Mule skinners were often employed as teamsters, leading teams of mules in tasks such as pulling carts or carrying loads. They needed to know how to manage a team of mules, keeping them coordinated and working together efficiently.

4. Maintenance and Repair: Mule skinners were responsible for maintaining the mules’ equipment and keeping everything in good working order. This included repairing harnesses, mending cart wheels, and other tasks to ensure the mules’ safety and productivity.

5. Safety and Security: Mule skinners had to ensure the mules’ safety and security at all times. They needed to be aware of the potential dangers on the road and take precautions to prevent accidents or injury to the animals.

Skills and Qualifications

To become a mule skinner, individuals typically had to possess certain skills and qualifications. These may include:

– Technical Knowledge: Mule skinners needed to know the anatomy and behavior of mules, as well as the best methods for harnessing and driving them. They also needed to possess knowledge of mule breeding and veterinary care.

– Leadership and Communication: Mule skinners had to be good leaders, able to effectively communicate with a team of mules and other drivers. They needed to be able to calm animals when agitated and guide them safely through challenging situations.

– Physical Strength and Endurance: Mule skinners needed to possess physical strength and endurance to work long hours in physically demanding conditions. They needed to be able to handle the mules and harness them, as well as assist in loading and unloading carts or wagons.

– Problem-Solving Skills: Mule skinners often encountered unexpected situations and had to think on their feet. They needed problem-solving skills to quickly assess situations and make sound decisions to ensure the safety and well-being of the mules.

Conclusion

The mule skinner was a skilled tradesman who played a significant role in various industries that rely on mules. Their job was to care for and maintain the animals, harness them for work, and drive them effectively. Mule skinners had a unique set of skills that allowed them to successfully handle mules and contribute to the success of various agricultural and transportation operations.

Sierra Highway

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Looking north on the Sierra Highway from Mojave, Ca.

The Sierra Highway is a road in Southern California, United States, with a rich history. Here’s an overview:

  1. Early Beginnings: The history of the Sierra Highway can be traced back to the early 20th century. It was initially part of the state highway system established in 1910 under the State Route 4 designation. This route was part of the Midland Trail, a transcontinental route established in the early days of automobile travel.
  2. Ridge Route Connection: In the 1910s, the Sierra Highway was connected to the Ridge Route, a significant engineering achievement that connected Los Angeles to the San Joaquin Valley. This connection made the Sierra Highway a vital link in Southern California’s road network.
  3. U.S. Route 6: In 1937, the Sierra Highway became part of U.S. Route 6, a transcontinental highway that at one point stretched from Provincetown, Massachusetts, to Long Beach, California. This made it one of the longest highways in the United States.
  4. Changes and Decline in Importance: Completing the Interstate Highway System, particularly Interstate 5, led to a decline in the importance of the Sierra Highway as a major through route. Much of its role was supplanted by these newer, faster roadways.
  5. Modern Era: The Sierra Highway still exists today, but it functions more as a local road than a major thoroughfare. It passes through or near towns such as Santa Clarita, Palmdale, and Mojave, and it offers a scenic alternative to the faster interstate highways.
  6. Cultural Significance: Beyond its practical use, the Sierra Highway holds a place in California’s cultural and historical landscape. It represents an era of early automotive travel, the state’s infrastructure development, and Southern California’s growth.

The Sierra Highway, like many historic roads, tells a story of technological progress, changing transportation needs, and the development of communities along its path.

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Mountain High North

Wrightwood Ski Resorts

Mountain High North, previously known as Ski Sunrise, is part of the Mountain High Resort in Wrightwood, California. This area of the resort has its own unique characteristics and offerings. Here’s an overview:

Ski Sunrise – 1996

Mountain High North, previously known as Ski Sunrise, is part of the Mountain High Resort in Wrightwood, California. This area of the resort has its own unique characteristics and offerings. Here’s an overview:

  1. Location and Terrain: Mountain High North is located in the San Gabriel Mountains near Wrightwood. The terrain at Mountain High North is generally known for being more beginner and family-friendly compared to the other areas of Mountain High. It’s an excellent place for those new to skiing or snowboarding.
  2. Integration and Development: Mountain High North was integrated into Mountain High Resort following the acquisition of the Ski Sunrise area. This integration expanded the overall capacity and variety of terrain offered by Mountain High, making it one of the largest ski resorts in Southern California.
  3. Facilities and Services: Mountain High North typically offers various services, including ski and snowboard lessons, equipment rentals, and food and beverage options. The facilities are designed to cater to families and beginners, focusing on creating a welcoming and accessible environment.
  4. Snow Play and Tubing: One of the unique features of Mountain High North is its emphasis on snow play and tubing. This makes it a popular destination for skiers and snowboarders, and those looking to enjoy the snow in other ways.
  5. Operating Schedule: Mountain High North sometimes has a different operating schedule than the West and East resorts, often opening later in the season and closing earlier. This is due to its specific focus and the varying snow conditions across the different areas of Mountain High.
  6. Events and Activities: Mountain High North hosts various events and activities throughout the season aimed at families and beginners. These can include special holiday events, beginner workshops, and family-friendly competitions.
  7. Contribution to Mountain High: The addition of the North resort has allowed Mountain High to offer a more diverse range of experiences to visitors. It complements the more advanced and diverse terrain in the West and East resorts, making the combined Mountain High Resort appealing to a wider range of winter sports enthusiasts.

Mountain High North, with its focus on beginner-friendly slopes, snow play, and tubing, plays a crucial role in the overall appeal of Mountain High Resort. It caters to a segment of visitors looking for a more relaxed, family-oriented snow experience in the proximity of Los Angeles.

Mountain High East

Wrightwood Ski Resorts

Holiday Hill Ski Resort, located in the San Gabriel Mountains near Wrightwood, California, has a significant place in Southern California’s skiing history. While less known today, Holiday Hill played an important role in the region’s winter sports scene. Here’s a brief overview of its history:

  1. Early Beginnings: Holiday Hill Ski Resort started in the mid-20th century. It was part of the burgeoning ski industry in Southern California, which capitalized on the region’s mountainous terrain and winter snowfall.
  2. Location and Accessibility: Situated near the town of Wrightwood, Holiday Hill was easily accessible to the growing population of Southern California, especially those in the Los Angeles area. This accessibility contributed to its popularity as a ski destination.
  3. Facilities and Attractions: The resort offered skiing and snowboarding opportunities, with various slopes catering to different skill levels. It was known for its family-friendly atmosphere and was a popular choice for beginners and intermediate skiers.
  4. Transition and Development: Over the years, Holiday Hill underwent several changes, including ownership transitions and developments in its infrastructure. These changes were part of the broader evolution of the ski industry in Southern California.
  5. Integration into Mountain High: Eventually, Holiday Hill became part of the larger Mountain High resort. This integration was a significant step in consolidating the ski areas in the Wrightwood region. The once Holiday Hill area is now part of the expanded Mountain High complex, specifically the East Resort.
  6. Legacy and Modern Era: Today, the legacy of Holiday Hill lives on as part of Mountain High. The East Resort of Mountain High, which encompasses the former Holiday Hill area, continues to offer skiing and snowboarding, emphasizing varied terrain and scenic views.
  7. Cultural Impact: Holiday Hill contributed to the growth of the skiing culture in Southern California. It played a role in introducing many Southern Californians to winter sports and helped establish the region as a destination for skiing and snowboarding.

In summary, Holiday Hill Ski Resort was a key player in developing the skiing industry in Southern California. Its integration into Mountain High Resort has allowed its legacy to continue, contributing to the region’s rich history of winter sports.

Saltdale – Koehn Dry Lake

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Koehn Lake and the nearby ghost town of Saltdale have a rich history intertwined with the salt industry in California. Koehn Lake, situated in the Fremont Valley of the Mojave Desert in eastern Kern County, California, is a dry and seasonally endorheic lake, occasionally becoming a closed basin without outflow. The lake is approximately 5 miles long and 3 miles wide at its widest point.

Saltdale, founded in 1915, owes its origins to the salt harvesting operations from Koehn Dry Lake. The town had a post office operating from 1916 to 1950. The history of salt production in the area began in earnest in 1914 with the operations of the Consolidated Salt Company. This was further expanded with the involvement of the Fremont Salt Company from 1919 to 1927, which also utilized solar evaporation of surface brine for salt production.

The salt industry in this region has undergone several changes in ownership and production methods over the years. In the early 20th century, salt production fluctuated considerably, largely dependent on rainfall and storm runoff to supply water for brine formation. Modern techniques involve pumping brine from wells and channeling it to ponds for evaporation, a process that takes about four months to form approximately 6 inches of salt.

Saltdale, during its peak, had a diverse community, including managers, skilled workers, and their families, as well as common laborers, often Latino Catholics. The town had facilities like a company store, a post office, a school, and a service station. Saltdale’s school, under the guidance of notable teachers, played a significant role in community life, including efforts towards “Americanization” by encouraging English language use and cultural integration.

However, Saltdale faced challenges due to its remote location and the fluctuations in the salt industry. The town experienced isolation, difficulties in accessing law enforcement and medical care, and was impacted by the economic conditions of the time, including the Great Depression.

The decline of Saltdale was marked by the eventual abandonment of the town by the 1970s. The salt operations also evolved, with less need for manpower due to modernization. Today, Saltdale stands as a ghost town, with the remnants of its past slowly eroding away in the salty landscape.

Koehn Lake, apart from its salt mining history, has also been used for various other purposes. At its northern end, there are evaporation ponds from the salt mining operation, and the rail siding at the former townsite of Saltdale has been used for offloading explosives. The area around the lake has also been used for testing by the Reaction Research Society and for a desert test track by Honda Motors. In 2014, it was notably the area where Virgin Galactic’s experimental spaceship disintegrated.

The history of Koehn Lake and Saltdale provides a unique glimpse into the industrial and community life of early 20th-century California, highlighting the challenges and adaptations of a community built around a natural resource.